You May Be Surprised to Discover that German Spelling has Changed
If you pick up a German book that is more than fifteen or twenty years old, you’re likely to notice some spelling discrepancies when compared to German texts today. This is the result of the German Spelling Reform that was initiated in 1996 and has gradually been getting phased in ever since.
In most cases, the changes are very subtle. Under German Spelling Reform, there is a greatly reduced usage of uniquely German characters such as “ß”. You may also see that some verbs with nouns built into them (such as “eislaufen,” or ice-skating) have been separated into two words, as they are in English. Informal pronouns such as “du” and “dir” are not capitalized (as they inconsistently were in the past), while formal pronouns such as “Sie” and “Ihnen” always begin with a capital letter. And words such as Katostrophe (catastrophe) have be changed to something that looks more distinctly German (Katostrofe).
Why was this already heavily-regulated language ripe for Rechtscreibreform, as German spelling reform is known in its native tongue? The very orderly Germans felt that their language was rife with inconsistencies in both spelling and usage. Austria, for example, is passionately attached to the scharfes S or Eszett (“ß” ) – on the other hand, Switzerland had pretty much phased out the letter altogether, replacing it with a simple double S.
The haggling over German spelling reform across was bitter, protracted, and intense. For this reason, the changes everyone eventually agreed on were more than the traditionalists wanted but less radical than the reformers sought. The rules governing the use of the Eszett versus the double S are extremely confusing and still inconsistent. Another goal was to cease capitalizing nouns, and that didn’t happen either. After several conferences, an uneasy consensus was reached, and in 1996 most German-speaking countries (and a few with significant German-speaking minorities) signed the agreement. Over the course of the next eight years, according to the agreement, the tenets of German Spelling Reform would gradually be phased in, with all schools teaching the new spelling and all government agencies using it exclusively.
It’s one thing to pass a resolution to standardize spelling in education and government; it’s another to get the average person in the street to go along with it. The new spelling is being used in schools and government offices, but few other people have warmed to German spelling reform. It’s too soon to fully assess the effect the German Spelling Reform will have on the German language; for now, students of German should simply be aware that discrepancies exist, and understand why.
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